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Showdown Over File Sharing

College officials have been aware and wary of growing Congressional interest in student file sharing of music and videos — a practice many students consider normal and that the entertainment industry views as tantamount to theft. Colleges, generally feeling caught in the middle, have worried that Congress might try to impose an unworkable solution.

And that’s what they fear could happen this week — with the Senate majority leader (needless to say someone with whom colleges do not want to pick a fight) largely responsible. Sen. Harry Reid of Nevada announced his plan to prevent “campus based digital theft” through a series of requirements that he is expected to try to attach to the reauthorization of the Higher Education Act, when the Senate takes up that legislation, most likely in the next day or so. The Reid plan would require colleges to:

  • Report annually to the U.S. Education Department on policies related to illegal downloading.
  • Review their procedures to be sure that they are effective.
  • “Provide evidence” to the Education Department that they have “developed a plan for implementing a technology-based deterrent to prevent the illegal downloading or peer-to-peer distribution of intellectual property.”

The measure would also require the education secretary to annually identify the 25 colleges and universities that have in the previous year received the most notices of copyright violations using institutional technology networks.

While those provisions are in the amendment Senator Reid unveiled last week, they could easily change today or tomorrow, and lobbyists following the situation described it as fluid.

Reporting requirements are already in the reauthorization bill, so they aren’t the reason colleges are upset. Mark Luker, vice president of Educause, said that the measure on “technology based” systems would force colleges to buy software or hardware to theoretically block file sharing when that technology hasn’t yet become effective. Some experts also question whether this technology in its current form would end up blocking file-sharing that does not violate anyone’s copyright and that supports teaching and research.

“These technologies do not work well,” Luker said. “They are really not ready for prime time and colleges should not be forced to install them.”

Luker also objected to the way the legislation makes colleges uniquely responsible for the problem when file sharing starts in middle school these days and doesn’t end with college graduation. “Colleges have been working very hard on this issue,” he said, trying to teach their students about copyright law, adding services that provide free or low cost music downloads, and adding new rules all the time to discourage illegal file sharing. The University of Kansas, for example, has just toughened punishments for those who use campus networks in violation of downloading bans.

It is unfair for Congress to expect colleges to prevent all file sharing while ignoring its prevalence elsewhere, Luker said. “Colleges get a new cohort of freshmen every year, so they can come in with these habits well established with their prior life,” he said.

Another problem with the Reid proposal, Luker said, is that the measure of copyright notice violations will end up implying that large institutions (which receive more of such notices by virtue of the size of their student bodies) ignore copyright law, when they are just large. Further, such notices are not necessarily legal findings, but are the opinions of the entertainment industry, he said.

“This is asking the education secretary to take actions based on information provided by the entertainment industry, and that’s inappropriate for the government and the entertainment industry,” Luker said.

Educause and other groups have started a lobbying campaign against the measure, stressing both their substantive opposition and complaints that there were never hearings on the proposal.

At the same time, the entertainment industry is lobbying for the amendment — and arguing that colleges need more of a prod from the government on the issue. Mitch Bainwol, chairman and CEO of the Recording Industry Association of America, on Friday sent a letter to Senator Reid praising his proposal.

In his letter, Bainwol said that more than half of college students engage in illegal file sharing or downloading. While he acknowledged “some progress” by colleges in recent years, he said that “much more can be done.” Bainwol noted that many campus networks are created with taxpayer funds and are intended for “academic and research purposes,” but end up, he said, giving students “a means to steal.”

The letter repeatedly made the case that colleges are directly responsible for the problem, which the letter maintained is hurting the economy. Wrote Bainwol: “Colleges have provided an ideal environment for online theft to thrive, producing a generation of citizens lacking an appreciation for the true value of copyrighted works.”

Scott Jaschik

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Comments

Reid Amendment / Digital Piracy

The comments by Mitch Bainwol, chairman and CEO of the Recording Industry Association of America, misrepresent the RIAA’s own data on who is engaged in illegal downloading and which (broadband) networks are being used for illegal downloading. Some examples: — only 4 percent (329) of the more than 8400 “John Doe” lawsuits filed by the RIAA in 2004-2005 involved college students; the rest were “civilians” using consumer broadband services. — a RIAA news release dated 28 Feb 07 states that “college students are the most avid music fans.” Yet data from the RIAA’s 2005 Consumer Profile reveal that consumers ages 18-24 (including but not limited to college students) account for approximately one-sixth (15-17 pct.) of the music buying population in the United States; in contrast, consumers ages 25 and older purchase two-thirds (66.9 pct.) of all recorded music.— “half” the nation’s more than 16 million college students ages 16-67 are NOT engaged in illegal downloading as claimed by Mr. Bainwol and others from the RIAA.

Directly related to the Reid amendment is testimony before the House Science and Technology Committee Hearing on Digital Piracy on 5 June 2007. All four expert witnesses invited by Chairman Gordon – including Vance Ikezoye, president of Audible Magic, a provider of IT tools intended to stem digital piracy – acknowledged that technology will not solve the digital piracy problem. In his testimony before Chairman Gordon, Mr. Ikezoye stated quite clearly that “technology will never be the entire solution to [P2P piracy].” At the same hearing, Dr. Adrian Sannier from Arizona State University reported that his campus recently spent $200,000 for a heavily discounted site license to use the Audible Magic technology. Dr. Sannier described campus spending on technology to stem P2P piracy as an unwinnable “arms race.”

Consumer broadband providers – telcos and cable companies – promote digital piracy by advertising that home broadband and wireless services provide faster access to “music, movies, and more,” without explaining who owns this content or how to purchase it. Moreover, unlike colleges and universities, consumer broadband providers generally fail to provide any user education about digital content and copyright issues when users establish new accounts. Yet neither the RIAA nor the Congress seems willing to discuss the role of consumer broadband providers in implicitly promoting — or at least condoning — digital piracy.

Reid’s amendment targeting Campus-based Digital Theft Prevention will only serve to force colleges and universities to spend significant sums for ineffective software while imposing additional and significant reporting and compliance costs. The only beneficiary will be the RIAA, which will then report to its members that it has worked with Congress to “do something” to address digital piracy on campus networks.

The RIAA’s almost exclusive focus on campuses ignores the broader and more costly problem of illegal P2P downloading involving consumer Internet service providers and the consumer market.

Ample evidence indicates that requiring colleges and universities to purchase a “technology-based deterrent “ to prevent illegal P2P downloading will be ineffective practice and bad public policy.

Kenneth C. GreenThe Campus Computing Project

Kenneth C. Green, at 5:50 am EDT on July 23, 2007

Scrutiny: Congress may require universities to curb campus file-trading says:

[...] The problem here is (at least) three-fold. First, “technology-based deterrents,” by which they mean filters imposed on campus networks to block copyrighted materials, really don’t exist in a form that actually does what they want it to. Any system universities might be required to impose would be expensive and unwieldy.

Second, much of this file-trading is happening on closed networks set up by students, that may ride on the infrastructure of the campus network but do not live under university control. To intervene in these, aside from trying to shut them down altogether, would require even more cost and intervention, and would put the school in an icky position of patrolling students’ use of their own information technologies to a very detailed degree.

But most of all, a university is not only an educational institution, it’s also a place for the everyday life of the students who attend. A school administration must attend to providing both. However you feel about it, file-trading is not an interruption of the education of students: it does not interrupt teaching, it does not undermine the intellectual environment, it does not distract from schooling any more than sports or campus events do. So it is only an aspect of the life that students lead — which happens to occur on university grounds, and thus can fall under university scrutiny.

Certainly, schools should, and must, cultivate a safe and lawful environment for both an intellectual and social community to flourish, and that does require enforcing campus rules and helping to enforce laws. But they also must offer a space that allows these young adults to be agents of their own free choice, just as we expect of institutions that provide services for any other community of adults. This actually means that universities must avoid taking advantage of their oversight of student life, and act just as any other provider of resources to a community of people. If we do not require AOL or Earthlink or Verizon to monitor the information activities of their clients for copyright infringement, we must also not require universities to do so either, simply because they can. [...]

Tarleton, at 1:30 pm EDT on July 23, 2007

If the RIAA praises it, you just know it’s stinky.

Unfortunately we are likely to see neither sense nor principle from the Democrats on this issue, as Hollywood is their biggest cash machine.

andythebrit, at 2:00 pm EDT on July 23, 2007

“Wrote Bainwol: “Colleges have provided an ideal environment for online theft to thrive, producing a generation of citizens lacking an appreciation for the true value of copyrighted works.””

Is the true value of a CD really $20? With virtually all music media being controlled by the music BIG 4 and evidence of vastly cheaper online purchases it does seem very likely that consumers have been paying more than double the “true value” of copyrighted works for the last 20 or so years which. I’m not surprised that these big four are angry that the internet is breaking up their monopoly. Music artists and celebs get paid an in-ordinate sum of money for what they do, again a reflection of the vast amounts of profit being made by these publishers who charge well over the odds for they produce!

Paul Immergluck, at 7:25 am EDT on July 24, 2007

Roads are “a means to steal.”

I’m amazed by the recording industries comments. Roadways are a means to steal as well; They are also funded by taxpayer money, that doesn’t mean we should collect data on which roads people use when committing crimes and close them down. This entire idea is ridiculous.

Markitect, at 8:15 am EDT on July 24, 2007

Begin sarcasm. . .

I’m so happy that our government is spending precious time on something with such a big influence on our national security, our society and the people of the United States of America.

Well done!!

End sarcasm.

spamking, at 8:25 am EDT on July 24, 2007

File Sharing

This is one of those issues that does not need the “long arm” of government but the influence of society. Parents and others should be teaching children to respect the property of others and this education needs to start at home and at school. Why do we need more government laws when what we need is education...

Hugh Miller, at 9:25 am EDT on July 24, 2007

Another example

This is just another example of how both parties in this country are bought and paid for by big industry. We’ve truly slipped into nascent fascism. What’ll they want next, an extension of the copyright term to life of the author + 1,000 years? Much of this “valuable” copyrighted material should have become the property of the public long ago, but our politicians are so swayed by the filthy lucre thrown at them by the copyright mafiaa that they just keep extending the deadline. The RIAA wants college students to obey the law, yet it has implemented a dragnet of prelitigation extortion a la organized crime. And what kind of example does this set, really? That buying off government officials is a perfectly honest and acceptable practice?

cmd, at 10:20 am EDT on July 24, 2007

I think this is ridiculous. Representing an unofficial student group on a US University campus, I can honestly say that file sharing is used for much more than just illegal purposes. Universities with computer science programs often have users sharing their source with other users via bittorrent. In addition, look at the major way most people download linux distributions; bittorrent.

Filesharing doesn’t need to be outlawed, as this seemingly ignorant politician suggests. Additionally, the fact that they are helping the RIAA’s personal interests when it is being constantly proven in court that the RIAA’s tactics while dealing with universities is legally questionable at best, is appalling.

It has finally been decided that they have no right to demand universities to hand over information based on nothing more than an IP address; the judicial system has put its foot down and stated that it is not sufficient information. Imagine the implications if this wasn’t the case! If I was the RIAA, I could pull an IP address out of a hat, figure out who owned it, and sue them. How is that legally sound? It’s not!

However with this bill, the government is suggesting that now universities have to report to them all these activities. Not only does this entail universities sniffing ALL traffic, thus creating an IMMENSE privacy violation, but then we have the encrypted P2P networks that the institution has to commit substantial resources to trace and crack.

I feel that people should simply write to their politicians to protest this bill, because if it passes, you can guarantee an increase in tuitions (to cover the cost of this extra monitoring) and a decrease in privacy.

Big brother is trying to watch you. Poke him in the eye.

Cerberate, at 10:20 am EDT on July 24, 2007

Yes they need education.

THIS is the education they need

Copyright developed in the age of the printing press, and was designed to fit with the system of centralized copying imposed by the printing press. But the copyright system does not fit well with computer networks, and only draconian punishments can enforce it.

The global corporations that profit from copyright are lobbying for draconian punishments, and to increase their copyright powers, while suppressing public access to technology. But if we seriously hope to serve the only legitimate purpose of copyright — to promote progress, for the benefit of the public — then we must make changes in the other direction. http://www.csclub.uwaterloo.ca/me...0Age%20of%20Computer%20Networks.html

Ian, at 10:40 am EDT on July 24, 2007

Stop posting here. Take these comments and email them to your senator. make valid arguments known.

They all have email web forms. I’ve almost always gotten a response via email or snailmail indicating they at least “processed” the message.

http://www.senate.gov/general/contact_information/senators_cfm.cfm

Nick, at 12:35 pm EDT on July 24, 2007

I think before the MPAA, RIAA and all of the other big business start demanding things from colleges, institutes of higher learning needs to address bigger issues.

1.) Underage drinking 2.) Hazings3.) Sexual harassment and rapes

I have many friends including my girlfriend whom have experienced unsafe learning environments and the school usually looks the other way or takes a very lame approach at ensuring the health, safety and well being of their students.

What’s more important, these big businesses making money or the safety and future of our children. If young people are discouraged or sacred to go to college or have a bad experience, there won’t be college students to take part in file sharing. There won’t be college students.

Phillip, What colleges SHOULD be worried about., at 1:50 pm EDT on July 24, 2007

How much do you figure RIAA has made in political contributions —- not that there’s anything unethical about that. :)

Cynic, at 2:15 pm EDT on July 24, 2007

Ahh, institutionalized control, the easiest and most effective means to subjugate an unwilling population.

Here’s an idea: People aren’t /unfamiliar/ with copyright laws; people DON’T AGREE WITH OR SUPPORT existing copyright laws.

This is a nation of, for, and by the PEOPLE. The PEOPLE set what is right. Not businesses. Not special interest groups. Not lobbyists. Get those chuckleheads out of our political system, and get the PEOPLE back in charge.

Funny how the PEOPLE don’t see a problem with any of this, it’s only the RIAA / MPAA / lobbyists / copyright holders / businessmen / legislators who see a problem with it.

The PEOPLE have spoken, and we’ve said, “Fuck off assholes!”

Chaos Motor, at 2:35 pm EDT on July 24, 2007

aiming to prevent the distribution of information across the internet seems like an inherently uphill — no to mention goofy — battle. legislation such as this amounts to nothing more than sticks in the river.

dust4ngel, at 3:00 pm EDT on July 24, 2007

How would this affect the legal music torrents I provide

I provide completely legal BitTorrent downloads of music under the Creative Commons licenses. If BitTorrent downloads are blocked, both the musicians I host and my own business would suffer.

If technical means are used to block that portion of filesharing which is illegal, the same technical means MUST be used to enable legal filesharing such as that which I provide.

Rippit the Ogg Frog, at 5:45 am EDT on July 25, 2007

The congress is considering requiring colleges to monitor the usage of computers by students for file sharing while, at the same time, forbidding the US intelligence and security agencies from monitoring financial transactions and telephone converations of known and suspected terrorists in order to protect the people of the US.

The Democratic congressional leadership considers the RIAA and their client’s economic complaints a higher priority requiring the infringement of personal liberties than they do the actual safety and well being of the general citizenry.

Go Palosi, Go Reid, go to hell both of you!

Glenn, at 6:05 am EDT on August 9, 2007

The money used tracking down students who download could be used in better ways. With education funding getting cut left and right, the money used for what could called “a wild goose chase” could be spent on something useful. The labels that belong to the RIAA should look at the product they’re selling, if there wasn’t so much garbage out there people might be willing to pay high costs for records.

Ben Wixson, Schoolcraft, at 6:50 am EST on December 4, 2007

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